Bayesian analysis for the OSL age estimation of one sample

This function computes the age (in ka) of a sample according to the model developed in Combes and Philippe (2017), based on an output of Generate_DataFile or Generate_DataFile_MG.
A sample, for which data is available in several BIN files, can be analysed.

Usage

Age_Computation(
  DATA,
  SampleName = DATA$SampleNames[1],
  PriorAge = c(0.01, 100),
  BinPerSample = c(1),
  SavePdf = FALSE,
  OutputFileName = c("MCMCplot"),
  OutputFilePath = c(""),
  SaveEstimates = FALSE,
  OutputTableName = c("DATA"),
  OutputTablePath = c(""),
  LIN_fit = TRUE,
  Origin_fit = FALSE,
  distribution = c("cauchy"),
  I = 1,
  Iter = 50000,
  t = 5,
  n.chains = 3,
  quiet = FALSE,
  roundingOfValue = 3
)

Arguments

DATA

list of objects: LT, sLT, ITimes, dLab, ddot_env, regDose, J, K, Nb_measurement, provided by the function Generate_DataFile or Generate_DataFile_MG.

DATA can contain information for more than one sample.

SampleName

character: name of the sample.

PriorAge

numeric (with default): lower and upper bounds for the sample age parameter (in ka). Note that, length(PriorAge)=2.

BinPerSample

integer (with default): vector with the number of BIN files per sample. If in DATA there is more than one sample, the BinPerSample vector must be the same as that used to run the function Generate_DataFile or in Generate_DataFile_MG for generating the DATA object.

SavePdf

logical (with default): if TRUE save graph in pdf file named OutputFileName in folder OutputFilePath.

OutputFileName

character (with default): name of the pdf file that will be generated by the function if SavePdf = TRUE; length(OutputFileName = 2, see PLOT OUTPUT in Value section for more informations.

OutputFilePath

character (with default): path to the pdf file that will be generated by the function if SavePdf = TRUE. If it is not equal to "", it must be terminated by "/".

SaveEstimates

logical (with default): if TRUE save Bayes estimates and credible interval at level 68% and 95% and the result of the gelman en Rubin test of convergency, in a csv table named OutputFileName in folder OutputFilePath.

OutputTableName

character (with default): name of the table that will be generated by the function if SaveEstimates = TRUE.

OutputTablePath

character (with default): path to the table that will be generated by the function if SaveEstimates = TRUE. If it is not equal to "", it must be terminated by "/".

LIN_fit

logical (with default): if TRUE (default) allows a linear component, on top of the (default) saturating exponential curve, for the fitting of dose response curves. See details section for more informations on the proposed dose response curves.

Origin_fit

logical (with default): if TRUE, forces the dose response curves to pass through the origin. See details section for more informations on the proposed growth curves.

distribution

character (with default): type of distribution that defines how individual equivalent dose values are distributed around the palaeodose. Allowed inputs are "cauchy", "gaussian", "lognormal_A" and "lognormal_M", see details section for more informations.

I

integer (with default): if DATA contains data from more than one sample, I indicates the ID number of the sample to be analysed.

Iter

integer (with default): number of iterations for the MCMC computation (for more information see rjags::jags.model).

t

integer (with default): 1 every t iterations of the MCMC is considered for sampling the posterior distribution (for more information see rjags::jags.model).

n.chains

integer (with default): number of independent chains for the model (for more information see rjags::jags.model).

quiet

logical (with default): enables/disables rjags::rjags-package messages

roundingOfValue

integer (with default): Integer indicating the number of decimal places to be used, default = 3.

Value

NUMERICAL OUTPUT

A list containing the following objects:
- Sampling that corresponds to a sample of the posterior distributions of the age (in ka), palaeodose (in Gy) and equivalent dose dispersion (in Gy) parameters.
- Model_GrowthCurve, stating which dose response fitting option was chosen;
- Distribution, stating which distribution was chosen to model the dispersion of individual equivalent dose values around the palaeodose of the sample;
- PriorAge, stating the priors used for the age parameter (in ka).
The Gelman and Rubin test of convergence: prints the result of the Gelman and Rubin test of convergence for the age, palaeodose and equivalent dose dispersion parameters. A result close to one is expected.
In addition, the user must visually assess the convergence of the trajectories by looking at the graph generated by the function (see PLOT OUTPUT for more informations).
If both convergences (Gelman and Rubin test and plot checking) are satisfactory, the user can consider the printed estimates as valid. Otherwise, the user may try increasing the number of MCMC iterations (Iter), or being more precise on the PriorAge parameter (for example specify if it is a young sample c(0.01,10) an old sample c(10,100)), or changing the parameter distribution or the growth curve, to reach convergence.to reach convergence.
Credible intervals and Bayes estimates: prints the Bayes estimates, the credible intervals at 95% and 68% for the age, palaeodose and equivalent dose dispersion parameters of the sample.

PLOT OUTPUT

A graph with the MCMC trajectories and posterior distributions of the age, palaeodose and equivalent dose dispersion parameters is displayed.
The first line of the figure correponds to the age parameter, the second to the palaeodose parameter and the third to the equivalent dose dispersion parameter. On each line, the plot on the left represents the MCMC trajectories, and the one on the right the posterior distribution of the parameter.

To give the results in a publication, we recommend to give the Bayes estimate of the parameter as well as the credible interval at 95% or 68%.

Details

Option on growth curves

As for AgeS_Computation and Palaeodose_Computation, the user can choose from 4 dose response curves:

Saturating exponential plus linear growth (AgeMultiBF_EXPLIN):

for all x in IR+, \(f(x)=a(1-exp(-x/b))+cx+d\); select
- LIN_fit=TRUE
- Origin_fit=FALSE
Saturating exponential growth (AgeMultiBF_EXP):

for all x in IR+, \(f(x)=a(1-exp(-x/b))+d\); select
- LIN_fit = FALSE
- Origin_fit = FALSE
Saturating exponential plus linear growth and fitting through the origin (AgeMultiBF_EXPLINZO):

for all x in IR+, \(f(x)=a(1-exp(-x/b))+cx\); select
- LIN_fit=TRUE
- Origin_fit=TRUE
Saturating exponential growth and fitting through the origin (AgeMultiBF_EXPZO):

for all x in IR+, \(f(x)=a(1-exp(-x/b))\); select
- LIN_fit=FALSE
- Origin_fit=TRUE

Option on equivalent dose distribution around the palaeodose

The use can choose between :

cauchy: a Cauchy distribution with location parameter equal to the palaeodose of the sample
gaussian: a Gaussian distribution with mean equal to the palaeodose of the sample
lognormal_A: a log-normal distribution with mean or Average equal to the palaeodose of the sample
lognormal_M: a log-normal distribution with Median equal to the palaeodose of the sample

Note

Please note that the initial values for all MCMC are currently all the same for all chains since we rely on the automatic initial value generation of JAGS. This is not optimal and will be changed in future. However, it does not affect the quality of the age estimates if the chains have converged.

How to cite

Christophe, C., Kreutzer, S., Philippe, A., Guérin, G., 2024. Age_Computation(): Bayesian analysis for the OSL age estimation of one sample. In: Christophe, C., Philippe, A., Kreutzer, S., Guérin, G., Baumgarten, F.H., Frerebeau, N., 2024. BayLum: Chronological Bayesian Models Integrating Optically Stimulated. R package version 0.3.3.9000-13. https://CRAN.r-project.org/package=BayLum

References

Combes, Benoit and Philippe, Anne, 2017. Bayesian analysis of multiplicative Gaussian error for multiple ages estimation in optically stimulated luminescence dating. Quaternary Geochronology (39, 24-34)

Combes, B., Philippe, A., Lanos, P., Mercier, N., Tribolo, C., Guerin, G., Guibert, P., Lahaye, C., 2015. A Bayesian central equivalent dose model for optically stimulated luminescence dating. Quaternary Geochronology 28, 62-70. doi:10.1016/j.quageo.2015.04.001

Author

Claire Christophe, Sebastian Kreutzer, Anne Philippe, Guillaume Guérin

Examples

## load data file generated by the function Generate_DataFile
data(DATA1,envir = environment())
priorage <- c(10,60) # GDB3 is an old sample
Age <- Age_Computation(
 DATA = DATA1,
 SampleName = "GDB3",
 PriorAge = priorage,
 Iter = 100,
 quiet = TRUE)
#> Warning: [plot_MCMC()] 'n.iter' out of range, reset to number of observations

#> 
#> 
#> >> Sample name <<
#> ----------------------------------------------
#> GDB3
#> 
#> >> Results of the Gelman and Rubin criterion of convergence <<
#> ----------------------------------------------
#> 	 Point estimate Uppers confidence interval
#> A	 0.996 		 1.042 
#> D	 1.355 		 1.97 
#> sD	 1.072 		 1.261 
#> 
#> 
#> ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#>  *** WARNING: The following information are only valid if the MCMC chains have converged  ***
#> ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#> 
#> parameter 	 Bayes estimate 	  Credible interval 
#> ----------------------------------------------
#> A 		 46.073 
#> 						 lower bound 	 upper bound
#> 				 at level 95%	 38.26 		 56.055 
#> 				 at level 68%	 42.33 		 51.534 
#> ----------------------------------------------
#> D 		 104.39 
#> 						 lower bound 	 upper bound
#> 				 at level 95%	 100.956 		 113.831 
#> 				 at level 68%	 105.398 		 112.026 
#> ----------------------------------------------
#> sD 		 14.457 
#> 						 lower bound 	 upper bound
#> 				 at level 95%	 10.402 		 18.727 
#> 				 at level 68%	 13.148 		 16.734